2017年普通高等学校全国招生统一考试(北京卷)

　　英 语

　　本试卷共16页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

　　第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)

　　做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

　　第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)

　　听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

　　例：What is the man going to read?

　　A.A newspaper. B.A magazine. C.A book.

　　答案是A

　　1.When will the film start?

　　A.At 5:00. B.At 6:00. C.At 7:00.

　　2.Which club will the man join?

　　A.The film club. B.The travel club. C.The sports club.

　　3.What was the weather like in the mountains yesterday?

　　A.Sunny. B.Windy. C.Snowy.

　　4.What does the man want to cut out of paper?

　　A.A fish. B.A bird. C.A monkey.

　　5.Where does the conversation most probably take place?

　　A.In a library. B.At a bookstore. C.In a museum.

　　第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

　　听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

　　听第6短材料，回答第6至7题。

　　6.Why does the woman make the call?

　　A.To make an invitation.

　　B.To ask for information.

　　C.To discuss a holiday plan .

　　7.How much does the woman need to pay for the minibus?

　　A.. B.0. C.0.

　　听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

　　8.What are the two sperkers mainly talking about?

　　A.Electronic waste. B.Soil pollution. C.Recyling benefits.

　　9.What does the woman decide to do with her cell hpone in the end?

　　A.Throw it away. B.Keep it at home. C.Sell it to be recycled.

　　听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

　　10.What is the possible relationship between the sperkers?

　　A.Friends. B.Wife and husband. C.Business partners.

　　11.Where does the woman work now?

　　A.In a school. B.In a restaurant. C.In a travel agency.

　　12.What are the two sperkers going to do?

　　A.To take a trip. B.To have a coffee. C.To attend a meeting.

　　听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。

　　13.What has been improved according to the speaker?

　　A.The train station. B.The bus service. C.The parking lot.

　　14.How does the speaker get to her office today?

　　A.By bus and on foot. B.By train and by bus. C.By train and on foot.

　　15.Who is the speaker?

　　A.A reporter.

　　B.A policeman.

　　C.A photographer.

　　第三节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，共7.5分)

　　听下面一段对话，完成16至20五道小题，每小题仅填一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。

　　第二部分：知识运用(共两节，45 分)

　　第一节 单项填空(共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，共 15 分)

　　从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books onthe top shelf.

　　A. must B. should C. can D. need

　　22. —Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you havevisited.

　　—No problem.

　　A. but B. or C. for D. so

　　23. Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize inthe Kite Festival.

　　A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever

　　24. —______ that company to see how they think of our productyesterday?

　　—Yes. They are happy with it.

　　A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling

　　25. ______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers arefor other purposes.

　　A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because

　　26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______shewas heading.

　　A. why B. where C. how D. when

　　27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passesonline ______ their valuable time.

　　A. save B. saving

　　C. to save D. saved

　　28. If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk toother people _______ you figure it out.

　　A. because B. though C. until D. since

　　29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, andwireless phones _______ yet.

　　A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented

　　C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented

　　30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ frombutterflies to elephants.

　　A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged

　　31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may beinspirations for great inventions.

　　A. that B. as C. where D. when

　　32.Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with hisstudents.

　　A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent

　　33.People______better access to health care than they used to,and they’reliving longer as result.

　　A.will have

　　B. have

　　C.had

　　D.had had

　　34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never havehappened.

　　A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put

　　35. Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishingindustry.

　　A. at B. in C. on D. by

　　第二节 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分)

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving

　　37. A. annoyed B. nervous C. ashamed D. upset

　　38. A. behave B. manage C. help D. work

　　39. A. pushing B. carrying C. buying D. holding

　　40. A. goods B. bottles C. foods D. bags

　　41. A. excited B. determined C. energetic D. grateful

　　42. A. since B. unless C. although D. as

　　43. A. sound B. get C. feel D. look

　　44. A. exchange B. leave C. keep D. spread

　　45. A. sell B. deliver C. host D. pack

　　46. A. contribute B. lead C. apply D. agree

　　47. A. campaign B. trip C. procedure D. trial

　　48. A. elderly B. hungry C. lonely D. sick

　　49. A. aware B. afraid C. proud D. sure

　　50 A. going B. sleeping C. traveling D. playing

　　51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments

　　52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts

　　53. A. for B. through C. besides D. along

　　54. A. healthy B. public C. normal D. tough

　　55. A. choice B. profit C. judgement D. difference

　　第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，40 分)

　　第一节 (共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，共 30 分)

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　A

　　It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on theWesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat duringpractice, stamping their feet to stay warm, Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbeeshivered(发抖) a little as she watched her zxxk teammate Paris White play. The twodidn’t know each other well —Taylor had just moved to town a month or sobefore.

　　Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eye rolled back,” Taylor says.“She started shaking . I knew it was an emergency.”

　　It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Withoutimmediate medical care, Paris would die. “Does anyone know CPR?”

　　CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’schest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Withoutoxygen the brain is damaging quickly.

　　Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, shehesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else cameforward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR, “It was scary. I knew it wasthe difference between life and death,” says Taylor.

　　Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronicdevices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them:Paris’ heartbeat returned.

　　“I know I was really lucky,” Paris say now. “Most people don’t survivethis. My team saved my life”

　　Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single bestchance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.

　　Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to collegesoon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylorsays. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”

　　56.What happened to Paris on a March day?

　　A.She caught a bad cold.

　　B. She had a sudden heart problem.

　　C.She was knocked down by a ball.

　　D.She shivered terribly during practice

　　57.Why does Paris say she was lucky?

　　A.She made a worthy friend.

　　B. She recovered from shock.

　　C. She received immediate CPR.

　　D.She came back on the softball team.

　　58.Which of the following words can best describe Taylor?

　　A.Enthusiastic and kind.

　　B.Courageous and calm.

　　C.Cooperative and generous.

　　D.Ambitious and professional.

　　B

　　59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?

　　A. It entertains young parents.

　　B. It provides serious sdvertisements.

　　C. It publishes popular science fictions.

　　D. It combines fun with complex concepts.

　　60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?

　　A. Online courses.

　　B. Articles on new topics.

　　C. Lectures on a balanced life.

　　D. Reports on scientific discoveries.

　　61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOWwith gift pack from China?

　　A. £55. B. £60. C. £65. D. £70.

　　62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .

　　A. free birthday presents

　　B. full refund within 28 days

　　C. membership of the TOKNOW club

　　D. chances to meet the experts in person

　　C

　　Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled evenmore, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universaluse of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by agrowing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, comparedwith 189 for all of last year.

　　The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangeroustrend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation asa whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protectsthe people who get hurt easily, including those who zxxk can’t be vaccinated formedical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom thevaccine doesn’t work.

　　But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When somerefuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is ineven bigger danger.

　　That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the countryfrom Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month,to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.

　　The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by areal but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly makeothers suffer.

　　Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children enteringkindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimesjust by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.

　　Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulationsfor opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.

　　Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religiousreasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-savingbenefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares inthe risks.

　　63.The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.

　　A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend

　　B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention

　　C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons

　　D.information about measles spreads quickly

　　64.Herd immunity works well when ____________.

　　A.exemptions are allowed

　　B.several vaccines are used together

　　C.the whole neighborhood is involved in

　　D.new regulations are added to the state laws

　　65.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?

　　A.The overuse of vaccine.

　　B.The lack of medical care.

　　C.The features of measles itself.

　　D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.

　　66.What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A.To introduce the idea of exemption.

　　B.To discuss methods to cure measles.

　　C.To stress the importance of vaccination.

　　D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

　　D

　　Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies ofkiller robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility thatartificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving somethingother than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician NorbertWiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use,to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannoteffectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which wereally desire.”

　　A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usuallyassociate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For themachine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieveits original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the singleinstruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure successby disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere withits task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chessmatch against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectivesconflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.

　　The possibility of entering into and losing such a match shouldconcentrating the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that wecan seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficultquestions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, thatplan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secureagainst ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.

　　Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to bepossible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for thearrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissedout of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans andmachines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possibleunless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch themoff” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of thatpossibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. OnSeptember 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence,“Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms istalking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilardinvented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.

　　67.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .

　　A. run out of human control

　　B. satisfy human’s real desires

　　C. command armies of killer robots

　　D. work faster than a mathematician

　　68.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partlybecause they might be able to .

　　A. prevent themselves from being destroyed

　　B achieve their original goals independently

　　C. do anything successfully with given orders

　　D. beat humans in international chess matches

　　69.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .

　　A. help super intelligent machines work better

　　B. be secure against evil human beings

　　C. keep machines from being harmed

　　D. avoid robots’ affecting the world

　　70.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligentmachines?

　　A. It will disappear with the development of AI.

　　B. It will get worse with human interference.

　　C. It will be solved but with difficulty.

　　第二节 (共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When labrats are not allowed to sleep,they die within a month. 71

　　One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We knowthat,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforeing (加强)connectionsbetween brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep havebeen unclear.

　　Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connectionsbetween neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight,making room for freshmemories to from the next day. 73

　　Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapsesin the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller thanthose taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weakenwhile sleeping.

　　If Tononi`s theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a night`s,wefind it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information-our brainsmay have smaller room for new experences.

　　Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over timeeven though the synapscs become thinner.The team discovered that some synapsesseem to be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,”Tononisays.

　　A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

　　B. Ti’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

　　C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they getsick.

　　D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded withmemories.

　　E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleepafter learning.

　　F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, whodeveloped the idea.

　　G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, inthe brains of 12 mice.

　　第四部分：书面表达(共两节，35 分)

　　第一节 (15分)

　　你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：

　　1.你建议的线路;

　　2.你的理由;

　　3.你的祝愿。

　　注意：1.词数不少于50;

　　2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

　　Dear Jim,

　　Yours,

　　Li Hua

　　第二节 (20 分)

　　假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。提示词：视频video